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Maryland

Md. Code, Family Law §§ 5-704, 5-705Maryland Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Law

Clergy named as mandatory reporter?
No
Confessional exemption?
Yes
Statute
Md. Code, Family Law §§ 5-704, 5-705
Clergy named
All-person
Pending

Maryland runs a two-track mandatory-reporting structure. Section 5-704 names four professional categories (health practitioners, police officers, educators, and human service workers) and opens with a privilege-override clause: reporting is required notwithstanding any law on privileged communications. Clergy are not on that list. Clergy reach the reporting duty through § 5-705, which sweeps in 'a person in this State other than' the § 5-704 professionals. That all-person provision is broad, but it carries a carveout for clergy that the professional track does not have. Section 5-705(a)(3) provides that a minister, clergyman, or priest is not required to report when doing so would disclose a communication described in the Courts Article § 9-111, Maryland's clergy-penitent privilege, and when the communication was made in a professional religious capacity, in the course of discipline the church enjoins, and the clergy member is bound to maintain confidentiality under canon law, church doctrine, or practice. All three elements must be present. The gap this creates is real but bounded. Outside that triple-element confessional zone, clergy are required reporters. The 2023 Maryland Attorney General report on child sexual abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore (156 clergy and Archdiocese personnel documented, more than 600 known survivors since the 1940s, decades of institutional cover-up) made plain what decades of legal ambiguity had protected. The civil statute of limitations has since been eliminated by the 2023 Child Victims Act, upheld by the Supreme Court of Maryland in February 2025. The mandatory-reporting statute has not moved. Maryland illustrates a pattern UCO tracks across the country: states where the law reaches clergy through a broad catch-all rather than an express enumeration, and where a privilege carveout quietly exempts the disclosure contexts most likely to involve institutional cover. Giving § 5-705 the same privilege override § 5-704 already carries would close it, one of the concrete fixes UCO carries from one state to the next.

Section 01What needs to change

What needs to change in Maryland.

  • Clergy-penitent carveout — Fam. Law § 5-705(a)(3)

    Section 5-705(a)(3) exempts a minister of the gospel, clergyman, or priest of an established church of any denomination from the all-person reporting duty when three elements are all present: (i) the notice would disclose matter described in Courts Article § 9-111 (the clergy-penitent testimonial privilege), (ii) the communication was made to the clergy member in a professional character in the course of discipline enjoined by the church, and (iii) the clergy member is bound to maintain confidentiality of that communication under canon law, church doctrine, or practice. Outside that triple-element zone, clergy are required reporters under § 5-705(a)(1).

    View source ↗
  • Privilege-override clause for named professionals — § 5-704(a)

    Section 5-704(a) opens: 'Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any law on privileged communications…' For the four named professional categories — health practitioner, police officer, educator, human service worker — no privilege blocks the reporting duty. This stronger formulation does not extend to clergy, who report under the separate all-person provision at § 5-705 where the carveout exists. A clergy member who also holds a named professional role (for example, a parochial school teacher or a church-employed licensed counselor) reports under § 5-704 in that professional capacity and cannot invoke the § 5-705 privilege carveout for that track.

    View source ↗
  • Underlying clergy-penitent privilege — Courts Art. § 9-111

    Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 9-111 provides that a minister of the gospel, clergyman, or priest may not be compelled to testify about a confidential confession or communication made by a person seeking spiritual advice or consolation. Section 5-705(a)(3) incorporates this testimonial privilege by reference into the mandatory-reporting carveout — meaning the scope of the reporting exemption tracks the scope of the underlying privilege.

    View source ↗
  • Criminal failure-to-report penalty — Md. Code, Criminal Law § 3-602.2

    A person required to provide notice or make a written report who knowingly fails to do so with actual knowledge of the abuse or neglect is guilty of a misdemeanor subject to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or both. Effective October 1, 2016, Maryland added an administrative-discipline trigger: when a local department has reason to believe a mandated reporter knowingly failed to report, it must file a complaint with the appropriate licensing board or employer.

    View source ↗
  • 2023 AG report and 2023 Child Victims Act

    On April 5, 2023, the Maryland Office of the Attorney General released a redacted report documenting abuse by 156 priests, deacons, brothers, and other Archdiocese personnel against more than 600 known survivors since the 1940s, along with a systemic decades-long institutional cover-up. The report was the political catalyst for the 2023 Maryland Child Victims Act (HB 1 / SB 686), which eliminated the civil statute of limitations for childhood sexual abuse claims; in February 2025, the Supreme Court of Maryland upheld the Child Victims Act in Roman Catholic Archbishop of Washington v. Doe (No. 10, Sept. Term 2024, decided Feb. 3, 2025), a 4-3 decision holding that the General Assembly acted within its authority in retroactively eliminating the limitations period. The mandatory-reporting statute's clergy carveout was not amended.

    View source ↗
Section 02What's needed

What it takes to close the gap.

Section 03How you can help

Concrete ways to support reform in Maryland.

Donate

Donate.

Donations support Maryland-specific research and the work of pressing on clergy-carveout structures across every state that runs this same two-track approach.

Mission supportDonate
Section 04Timeline

How Maryland got here.

  • 2016-10
    Administrative-discipline trigger added

    Effective October 1, 2016, Maryland law requires local departments to file a licensing-board or employer complaint when they have reason to believe a mandated reporter knowingly failed to report suspected abuse or neglect.

    View source ↗
  • 2018
    Maryland AG opens Archdiocese investigation

    Attorney General Brian Frosh initiates a grand jury investigation into child sexual abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, opened following Pennsylvania's August 2018 grand jury report.

    View source ↗
  • 2023-04
    AG releases 463-page Archdiocese report

    On April 5, 2023, Attorney General Anthony Brown releases the redacted report following a Baltimore Circuit Court order. The report documents 156 clergy and Archdiocese personnel and more than 600 known survivors of abuse since the 1940s.

    View source ↗
  • 2023
    Child Victims Act eliminates civil limitations period

    The Maryland Child Victims Act (HB 1 / SB 686), passed in 2023, eliminates the civil statute of limitations for childhood sexual abuse claims. The mandatory-reporting clergy carveout at § 5-705(a)(3) was not part of the legislation.

    View source ↗
  • 2025-02
    Supreme Court of Maryland upholds Child Victims Act

    The Supreme Court of Maryland upholds the 2023 Child Victims Act in February 2025, confirming the retroactive elimination of the civil limitations period for childhood sexual abuse claims. The § 5-705(a)(3) clergy reporting carveout remains unchanged.

    View source ↗
Section 05Background

Public-record sources UCO is tracking.

Always verify against the underlying statute or filing before quoting.

  • Maryland General Assembly (mgaleg.maryland.gov)
    Md. Code, Family Law § 5-704 — Reporting of abuse or neglect by health practitioner, police officer, educator, or human service worker

    Official legislature text of the principal named-professional reporting statute. § 5-704(a) opens with the privilege-override clause ('Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any law on privileged communications…') and requires oral and written reports from the four named professional categories. Clergy are not enumerated here; their reporting duty runs through the companion § 5-705.

    View source ↗
  • Maryland General Assembly (mgaleg.maryland.gov)
    Md. Code, Family Law § 5-705 — Reporting of abuse or neglect by other persons

    The all-person companion provision that sweeps clergy into the mandatory-reporting regime. § 5-705(a)(1) creates the all-person duty; § 5-705(a)(3) is the three-element clergy-penitent carveout. Official legislature source for the statusBucket (all-person) and privilegePosture (preserved) classifications.

    View source ↗
  • Maryland General Assembly
    Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings § 9-111 — Privileged communications; minister, clergyman, or priest

    Official legislature text of Maryland's clergy-penitent testimonial privilege. Provides that a minister, clergyman, or priest may not be compelled to testify about a confidential confession or communication made by a person seeking spiritual advice or consolation. Section 5-705(a)(3) incorporates this provision by reference into the mandatory-reporting carveout.

    View source ↗
  • Maryland Office of the Attorney General· March 14, 2023
    Statement from Attorney General Brown on Court's Order Authorizing Release of Redacted 'Clergy Abuse In Maryland' Report

    Primary AG press release announcing the April 5, 2023 release of the 463-page redacted Report on Child Sexual Abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Documents 156 clergy and Archdiocese personnel and more than 600 known survivors since the 1940s. Provides the state-government anchor for the institutional context underlying Maryland's action-needed classification.

    View source ↗
  • U.S. HHS Children's Bureau / Child Welfare Information Gateway· May 2023
    Clergy as Mandatory Reporters of Child Abuse and Neglect (State Statutes Series)

    Federal HHS Children's Bureau survey classifying Maryland as a state where clergy are mandatory reporters under an 'any person' formulation with the clergy-penitent privilege preserved within the reporting law. Reproduces the operative text of §§ 5-705(a)(1) and (a)(3) for cross-reference. Authoritative secondary source for both statusBucket and privilegePosture.

    View source ↗
  • Maryland Department of Human Services
    Maryland Department of Human Services — Mandated Reporters

    State child-welfare agency plain-language explanation of mandatory-reporting obligations under §§ 5-704 and 5-705. Confirms the dual-track structure and the October 2016 administrative-discipline trigger. Cross-references Criminal Law § 3-602.2's failure-to-report penalty (fine up to $10,000 or imprisonment up to 3 years).

    View source ↗
  • Maryland General Assembly (mgaleg.maryland.gov)· April 11, 2023
    The Child Victims Act of 2023 (SB 686 / HB 1) — Maryland General Assembly

    Official MGA legislation page for SB 686 (Chapter 5) and its companion HB 1 (Chapter 6), signed by Governor Moore on April 11, 2023, effective October 1, 2023. The Act eliminates the civil statute of limitations for childhood sexual abuse claims and broadens the definition of sexual abuse in civil actions.

    View source ↗
  • Supreme Court of Maryland· February 3, 2025
    Roman Catholic Archbishop of Washington v. Doe, No. 10, Sept. Term 2024

    4-3 majority opinion (Chief Justice Fader) upholding the constitutionality of the 2023 Child Victims Act. The court held that the 2023 Act did not retroactively abrogate vested rights and that the General Assembly acted within its authority in eliminating the civil limitations period. The mandatory-reporting clergy carveout was not at issue.

    View source ↗
Last reviewed May 29, 2026 · by Unheard Child Org research teamHow we track this

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